A more balanced composition, easier for the eye to read, can use different widths for text. More flexible, more room for experimenting.
_ How many characters is optimal for a line length?
40 to 50 characters (each letter, space, and punctuation)
_ Why is the baseline grid used in design?
Designs weighted to the bottom are more pleasing to look at. Helps the inner structure. Allows things to share the same baseline.
_ What is a typographic river?
gaps appearing to run down a paragraph of text, due to a coincidental alignment of spaces, formed when justified.
_ From the readings what does clothesline or flow line mean?
a horizontal measure that divides the page into spatial divisions and creates additional alignment points for the placement of the visual elements.
_ How can you incorporate white space into your designs?
Connect your text and title together. Keep white space to the outside. Try ragging some columns.
_ What does type color/texture mean?
the weight or boldness of a character. Size, leading, and tracking also affect this.
_ What is x-height, how does it effect type color?
x-height is the height of the lowercase letters without ascenders and descenders. It effects type color by making it much visually thicker.
_ In justification or H&J terms what do the numbers: minimum, optimum, maximum mean?
minimum amount of awkwardness, the optimum amount of readability, and the maximum amount of words on a line.
_ What are some ways to indicate a new paragraph. Are there any rules?
Some ways to indicate a new paragraph is by having a gap or space with no text, or an indent.
RULES:
The first paragraph is never indented, even if you are using indents in the rest of the text. Size of indent should not be the set amount, rather based on the leading. If you indent, do not add a space between paragraphs, must be either/or.
_ What are some things to look out for when hyphenating text.
Using the correct hyphen length in the correct situation.
Never hyphenate a word in a headline, it must be at the right spot of a word for justifications, longer ones are for pauses in sentences. Avoid words 4 characters or less. Don't hyphenate proper nouns. When using multiple lines, "the", "of", "at", etc. should be on the next line, not left by themselves.
_ What is a ligature?
Mostly in serif fonts, the joining of "f" and "i", "f" "f" and "i", "f" "f" and "l", etc. The letters combine to form one character. Won't use if your type is tracked out.
_ What does CMYK and RGB mean?
cmyk: cyan, magenta, yellow, black. rgb: red, green, blue. CMYK is for print work, RGB is for screen work.
_ What does hanging punctuation mean?
it is a way of typesetting punctuation marks and bullet points, most commonly quotation marks and hyphens, so that they do not disrupt the 'flow' of a body of text.
_ What is the difference between a foot mark and an apostrophe?
Apostrophes are curved and footmarks are straight.
_ What is the difference between an inch mark and a quote mark (smart quote)?
Quotation marks are curved and inch marks are straight.
_ What is a hyphen, en dash and em dashes, what are the differences and when are they used.
A hyphen is strictly for hyphenating words, en dash indicates a duration, such as hourly time, and an em dash often used in a manner similar to a colon or parentheses. You should never have three hyphens in a row in your text. Avoid hyphens in call-outs, if possible.
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